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WELLPOINT, INC - 10-K - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
[February 20, 2014]

WELLPOINT, INC - 10-K - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


(Edgar Glimpses Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) (In Millions, Except Per Share Data or As Otherwise Stated Herein) References to the terms "we", "our" or "us" used throughout this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, refer to WellPoint, Inc., an Indiana corporation, and unless the context otherwise requires, its direct and indirect subsidiaries.

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Overview On May 20, 2013, we announced certain organizational and executive leadership changes to align with how our new Chief Executive Officer is managing our operations. Beginning with the three months ended June 30, 2013, our organizational structure is comprised of three reportable segments: Commercial and Specialty Business; Government Business; and Other. Prior period segment information has been reclassified to conform to the new segment reporting structure.

Our Commercial and Specialty Business segment includes our Local Group, National Accounts, Individual and Specialty businesses. Business units in the Commercial and Specialty Business segment offer fully-insured products; provide a broad array of managed care services to self-funded customers including claims processing, underwriting, stop loss insurance, actuarial services, provider network access, medical cost management, disease management, wellness programs and other administrative services; and provide an array of specialty and other insurance products and services such as behavioral health benefit services, dental, vision, life and disability insurance benefits, radiology benefit management, analytics-driven personal health care guidance and long-term care insurance.

Our Government Business segment includes our Medicare and Medicaid businesses, National Government Services, or NGS, and services provided to the Federal Government in connection with the Federal Employee Program, or FEP. Our Medicare business includes services such as Medicare Advantage, Medicare Part D, and Medicare Supplement, while our Medicaid business includes our managed care alternatives through publicly funded health care programs, including Medicaid, state Children's Health Insurance Programs, or CHIP, and Medicaid expansion programs. NGS acts as a Medicare contractor in several regions across the nation.

Our Other segment includes other businesses that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for an operating segment as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, guidance, as well as corporate expenses not allocated to the other reportable segments.

In preparation for the coming changes to the health care system and to focus on our core growth opportunities across our Commercial and Specialty Business and Government Business segments, we entered into a definitive agreement in December 2013 to sell our 1-800 CONTACTS, Inc., or 1-800 CONTACTS, business to the private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. Concurrently, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Luxottica Group to sell our glasses.com related assets. The divestitures were completed on January 31, 2014. The operating results for 1-800 CONTACTS are reported as discontinued operations as a result of the pending divestiture at December 31, 2013. These results were previously reported in the Commercial and Specialty Business segment. Additionally, the assets and liabilities of 1-800-CONTACTS are reported as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets included in this Form 10-K. Unless otherwise specified, all financial information, other than cash flows, disclosed in this MD&A is from continuing operations. In accordance with FASB guidance, we have elected to not separately disclose net cash provided by or used in operating, investing, and financing activities and the net effect of those cash flows on cash and cash equivalents for discontinued operations during the periods presented. For additional information regarding these transactions, see Note 3, "Business Acquisitions and Divestitures," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Our operating revenue consists of premiums, administrative fees and other revenue. Premium revenue comes from fully-insured contracts where we indemnify our policyholders against costs for covered health and life benefits.

Administrative fees come from contracts where our customers are self-insured, or where the fee is based on either processing of transactions or a percent of network discount savings realized. Additionally, we earn administrative fee revenues from our Medicare -42- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- processing business and from other health-related businesses including disease management programs. Other revenue includes miscellaneous income other than premium revenue and administrative fees.

Our benefit expense primarily includes costs of care for health services consumed by our members, such as outpatient care, inpatient hospital care, professional services (primarily physician care) and pharmacy benefit costs. All four components are affected both by unit costs and utilization rates. Unit costs include the cost of outpatient medical procedures per visit, inpatient hospital care per admission, physician fees per office visit and prescription drug prices. Utilization rates represent the volume of consumption of health services and typically vary with the age and health status of our members and their social and lifestyle choices, along with clinical protocols and medical practice patterns in each of our markets. A portion of benefit expense recognized in each reporting period consists of actuarial estimates of claims incurred but not yet paid by us. Any changes in these estimates are recorded in the period the need for such an adjustment arises. While we offer a diversified mix of managed care products and services through our managed care plans, our aggregate cost of care can fluctuate based on a change in the overall mix of these products and services. Our managed care plans include: preferred provider organizations, or PPOs; health maintenance organizations, or HMOs; point-of-service plans, or POS plans; traditional indemnity plans and other hybrid plans, including consumer-driven health plans, or CDHPs; and hospital only and limited benefit products.

We classify certain claims-related costs as benefit expense to reflect costs incurred for our members' traditional medical care, as well as those expenses which improve our members' health and medical outcomes. These claims-related costs may be comprised of expenses incurred for: (i) medical management, including case and utilization management; (ii) health and wellness, including disease management services for such conditions as diabetes, high-risk pregnancies, congestive heart failure and asthma management and wellness initiatives like weight-loss programs and smoking cessation treatments; and (iii) clinical health policy. These types of claims-related costs are designed to ultimately lower our members' cost of care.

Our selling expense consists of external broker commission expenses, and generally varies with premium or membership volume. Our general and administrative expense consists of fixed and variable costs. Examples of fixed costs are depreciation, amortization and certain facilities expenses. Other costs are variable or discretionary in nature. Certain variable costs, such as premium taxes, vary directly with premium volume. Other variable costs, such as salaries and benefits, do not vary directly with changes in premium, but are more aligned with changes in membership. The acquisition or loss of a significant block of business would likely impact staffing levels, and thus associated compensation expense. Examples of discretionary costs include professional and consulting expenses and advertising. Other factors can impact our administrative cost structure, including systems efficiencies, inflation and changes in productivity.

Our results of operations depend in large part on our ability to accurately predict and effectively manage health care costs through effective contracting with providers of care to our members and our medical management and health and wellness programs. Several economic factors related to health care costs, such as regulatory mandates of coverage as well as direct-to-consumer advertising by providers and pharmaceutical companies, have a direct impact on the volume of care consumed by our members. The potential effect of escalating health care costs, any changes in our ability to negotiate competitive rates with our providers and any regulatory or market driven restrictions on our ability to obtain adequate premium rates to offset overall inflation in health care costs, including increases in unit costs and utilization resulting from the aging of the population and other demographics, as well as advances in medical technology, may impose further risks to our ability to profitably underwrite our business, and may have a material impact on our results of operations.

Our future results of operations will also be impacted by certain external forces and resulting changes in our business model and strategy. In 2010, the U.S. Congress passed and the President signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or ACA, as well as the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or collectively, Health Care Reform, which represents significant changes to the U.S. health care system. The legislation is far-reaching and is intended to expand access to health insurance coverage over time by increasing the eligibility thresholds for state Medicaid programs and providing certain other individuals and small businesses with tax credits to subsidize a portion of the cost of health insurance coverage. As a result of the complexity of the law, its impacts on health care in the United States and the continuing modification and interpretation of Health Care Reform's rules, we continue to analyze the impact and refine our estimates of the ultimate impact of Health Care Reform on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. A list of certain material changes resulting from Health Care Reform include: • Requirements to modify our products to cover essential health benefits and comply with other defined criteria; • Requirement to cancel existing products and enroll new and renewing members in the new ACA-compliant "metal" -43--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- products (bronze, silver, gold and platinum); • Introduction of exchanges, subsidies and mandates to require and allow previously uninsured customers to enter the market; and • Significant new taxes and fees which will be paid by health insurers, and which may or may not be passed through to customers.

The above changes resulting from Health Care Reform will provide growth opportunities for health insurers, but also introduce new risks and uncertainties, and require changes in the way our products are designed, underwritten, priced, distributed and administered.

Pricing in our Commercial and Specialty Business segment, including our individual and small group lines of business, remains highly competitive and we strive to price our health care benefit products consistent with anticipated underlying medical trends. We believe our pricing strategy, based on predictive modeling, proprietary research and data-driven processes, as well as our overall investments for Health Care Reform, have positioned us to benefit from the potential growth opportunities available in fully-insured commercial products as a result of Health Care Reform. While the ultimate level of exchange enrollment cannot be predicted, we have experienced a greater number of policy applications for new members through the exchanges than expected, including geographical regions with lower price competition. The exchanges may increase the risk that our products will be selected by individuals who have a higher risk profile or utilization rate than the pool of participants we anticipated when we established the pricing for these exchange products. However, early indications of the risk characteristics of new applicants appear to be tracking closely to the risk levels utilized in the development of our pricing assumptions. Although it is not yet clear whether our products sold on the exchanges will be more or less profitable products, we believe that our pricing strategy, brand name and network quality will provide a strong foundation for commercial risk membership growth opportunities in the future.

In our individual markets we offer bronze, silver and gold products, both on and off the exchanges, in the states of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Virginia and Wisconsin. Additionally, we offer platinum products, both on and off the exchanges, in the states of California and New York.

In our small group markets, we offer bronze, silver and gold products, both on and off the exchanges, in the states of Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio and Virginia and we offer bronze, silver and gold products, off the exchanges, in the states of California, New York and Wisconsin. Additionally, we offer platinum products, off the exchanges, in the states of California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maine and Virginia.

The legislation also imposes new regulations on the health insurance sector, including, but not limited to, guaranteed coverage requirements; prohibitions on some annual and all lifetime limits on amounts paid on behalf of or to our members; increased restrictions on rescinding coverage; establishment of minimum medical loss ratio, or MLR, requirements; a requirement to cover preventive services on a first dollar basis; the establishment of state insurance exchanges and essential benefit packages; and greater limitations on how we price certain of our products. The legislation also reduces the reimbursement levels for health plans participating in the Medicare Advantage program over time.

As a result of Health Care Reform, the Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, issued MLR regulations that require us to meet minimum MLR thresholds for large group, small group and individual lines of business. For purposes of determining MLR rebates, HHS has defined the types of costs that should be included in the MLR rebate calculation. However, certain components of the MLR calculation as defined by HHS cannot be classified consistently under U.S.

generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. While considered benefit expense or a reduction of premium revenue by HHS, certain of these costs are classified as other types of expense, such as income tax expense or selling, general and administrative expense, in our GAAP basis financial statements.

Accordingly, the benefit expense ratio determined using our consolidated GAAP operating results is not comparable to the MLR calculated under HHS regulations.

Beginning with rebates paid in 2014 for the 2013 benefit year, MLR rebates will be based on a three year average. This calculation will determine an average MLR for each market segment within each state for the previous three calendar years.

Additionally, insurers will be able to adjust experience to account for prior MLR rebates refunded to groups or individuals. Once the three year average MLR is calculated and compared to the minimum MLR threshold, the rebate percentage will be applied to current year premiums as defined by Health Care Reform.

Beginning with MLR rebates paid in 2015 for the 2014 -44- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benefit year, insurers will adjust for the risk adjustment, reinsurance, and risk corridor premium stabilization programs of Health Care Reform.

Health Care Reform also imposes a separate minimum MLR threshold of 85% for Medicare Advantage plans beginning in 2014. Medicare Advantage plans that do not meet this threshold will have to pay a minimum MLR rebate. If a plan's MLR is below 85% for three consecutive years beginning with 2014, enrollment will be restricted. A Medicare Advantage plan contract will be terminated if the plan's MLR is below 85% for five consecutive years.

These and other provisions of Health Care Reform are likely to have significant effects on our future operations, which, in turn, could impact the value of our business model and results of operations, including potential impairments of our goodwill and other intangible assets. We will continue to evaluate the impact of Health Care Reform as key aspects go into effect and additional guidance is made available. For additional discussion regarding Health Care Reform, see Part I, Item 1 "Business-Regulation" and Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K.

Finally, federal and state regulatory agencies may further restrict our ability to obtain new product approvals, implement changes in premium rates or impose additional restrictions, under new or existing laws that could adversely affect our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.

We are also subject to regulations that may result in assessments under state insurance guarantee association laws. The National Organization of Life & Health Insurance Guaranty Associations, or NOLHGA, is a voluntary organization consisting of the state life and health insurance guaranty associations located throughout the U.S. State life and health insurance guaranty associations, working together with NOLHGA, provide a safety net for their state's policyholders, ensuring that they continue to receive coverage even if their insurer is declared insolvent. We are aware that the Pennsylvania Insurance Commissioner, or Insurance Commissioner, has placed Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company and its subsidiary American Network Insurance Company, or collectively Penn Treaty, in rehabilitation, an intermediate action before insolvency. The state court denied the Insurance Commissioner's petition for the liquidation of Penn Treaty and ordered the Insurance Commissioner to file an updated plan of rehabilitation, which proposed plan was filed on April 30, 2013.

The state court has ordered a hearing on the proposed plan for which a date has not yet been set. The Insurance Commissioner has filed a Notice of Appeal asking the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to reverse the order denying the liquidation petition. The Supreme Court has probable jurisdiction over the appeal and issued a schedule for filing briefs. In the event rehabilitation of Penn Treaty is unsuccessful and Penn Treaty is declared insolvent and placed in liquidation, we and other insurers may be required to pay a portion of their policyholder claims through state guaranty association assessments in future periods. Given the uncertainty around whether Penn Treaty will ultimately be declared insolvent and, if so, the amount of the insolvency, the amount and timing of any associated future guaranty fund assessments and the availability and amount of any potential premium tax and other offsets, we currently cannot estimate our net exposure, if any, to this potential insolvency. We will continue to monitor the situation and may record a liability and expense in future reporting periods, which could be material to our cash flows and results of operations.

In addition to external forces discussed in the preceding paragraphs, our results of operations are impacted by levels and mix of membership. In recent years, we experienced membership declines due to unfavorable economic conditions driving increased unemployment. In addition, we believe the self-insured portion of our group membership base will continue to increase as a percentage of total group membership. Further, our mix of membership may include more individuals with a higher acuity level obtaining coverage through our products available on the exchanges, which may not be appropriately adjusted for in our premium rates.

These membership trends could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations. Also see Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K.

Executive Summary We are one of the largest health benefits companies in terms of medical membership in the United States, serving 35.7 medical members through our affiliated health plans and a total of 67.8 individuals through all subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013. We are an independent licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, or BCBSA, an association of independent health benefit plans. We serve our members as the Blue Cross licensee for California and as the Blue Cross and Blue Shield, or BCBS, licensee for: Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri (excluding 30 counties in the Kansas City area), Nevada, New Hampshire, New York (as BCBS in 10 New York City metropolitan and surrounding counties, and as Blue Cross or BCBS in selected upstate counties only), Ohio, Virginia (excluding the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C.), and Wisconsin. In a majority of these service areas we do -45- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- business as Anthem Blue Cross, Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Georgia, and Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield, or Empire Blue Cross (in our New York service areas). We also conduct business through our AMERIGROUP Corporation, or Amerigroup, subsidiary in Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, Texas and Washington.

Amerigroup also provided services in the state of Ohio through June 30, 2013 and in the state of New Mexico through December 31, 2013. We also serve customers throughout the country as HealthLink, UniCare and in certain Arizona, California, Nevada, New York and Virginia markets through our CareMore Health Group, Inc., or CareMore, subsidiary. We are licensed to conduct insurance operations in all 50 states through our subsidiaries. We also sold contact lenses, eyeglasses and other ocular products through our 1-800 CONTACTS business, which was divested on January 31, 2014.

Operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $70,191.4, an increase of $9,677.4, or 16.0%, from the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily reflecting higher premium revenue in our Government Business segment, partially offset by lower premium revenue in our Commercial and Specialty Business segment. The higher premium revenue in our Government Business segment primarily resulted from the acquisition of Amerigroup in December 2012, growth in our FEP business resulting from both premium rate increases designed to cover overall cost trends and increases in membership as well as increased membership in our CareMore subsidiary. These increases were partially offset by lower revenues in our non-CareMore Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D businesses primarily due to membership losses as a result of our product repositioning strategy toward HMO product offerings. The premium revenue decrease in our Commercial and Specialty Business segment was driven primarily by fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group business resulting from strategic product portfolio changes in certain states, competitive pressure in certain markets and, we believe, affordability challenges affecting healthcare consumers in general.

This decrease was partially offset by premium rate increases in our Local Group, Individual and National Accounts businesses designed to cover overall cost trends as well as premium rate and membership increases in our Specialty businesses, primarily related to our dental and vision products, and increased administrative fees resulting from pricing increases for self-funded members in our Commercial businesses.

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $2,489.7, a decrease of $165.8, or 6.2%, from the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease in net income was primarily driven by the loss on disposal of our 1-800 CONTACTS business, costs incurred in preparation for the implementation of Health Care Reform effective in 2014, realized losses on extinguishment of debt, an increase in interest expense resulting from higher outstanding debt balances associated with our acquisition of Amerigroup and lower operating results in our Commercial and Specialty Business segment. These decreases were partially offset by higher operating results in our Government Business segment, primarily from Amerigroup.

Our diluted earnings per share, or EPS, for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $8.20, an increase of $0.02, or 0.2%, from the year ended December 31, 2012. Our diluted EPS from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $8.67, an increase of $0.50, or 6.1%, from the year ended December 31, 2012. Our diluted shares for the year ended December 31, 2013 were 303.8 million, a decrease of 21.0 million, or 6.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2012.

The increase in diluted EPS resulted primarily from the lower number of shares outstanding in 2013 due to share buyback activity under our share repurchase program partially offset by the decrease in net income.

Our results of operations discussed throughout this MD&A are determined in accordance with GAAP. We also calculate adjusted net income, adjusted EPS and operating gain, which are non-GAAP measures, to further aid investors in understanding and analyzing our core operating results and comparing them among periods. Adjusted net income and adjusted EPS exclude realized gains and losses on investments, other-than-temporary losses on investments recognized in income, impairment of other intangible assets and certain other items, if applicable, that we do not consider a part of our core operating results. Operating gain is calculated as total operating revenue less benefit expense, selling, general and administrative expense. We use these measures as a basis for evaluating segment performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets and forecasting future operating periods. This information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for income before income tax expense, net income or diluted EPS prepared in accordance with GAAP, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. For additional details on operating gain, see our "Reportable Segments Results of Operations" discussion included in this MD&A.

-46- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The table below reconciles net income and diluted EPS calculated in accordance with GAAP to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Years Ended December 31 2013 2012 Change % Change Net income $ 2,489.7 $ 2,655.5 $ (165.8 ) (6.2 )% Less (net of tax): Net realized gains on investments 176.7 217.7 (41.0 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments (64.3 ) (24.6 ) (39.7 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt (94.4 ) - (94.4 ) Tax benefit from favorable tax election 65.0 - 65.0 Impairment of held for sale assets (164.5 ) - (164.5 ) Acquisition and integration related costs (16.3 ) (68.4 ) 52.1 Litigation related costs - (24.0 ) 24.0 Income tax settlements - 140.1 (140.1 ) Tax impact of non-deductible litigation related costs - (41.4 ) 41.4 Adjusted net income $ 2,587.5 $ 2,456.1 $ 131.4 5.3 % Diluted EPS $ 8.20 $ 8.18 $ 0.02 0.2 % Less (net of tax): Net realized gains on investments 0.58 0.67 (0.09 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments (0.21 ) (0.07 ) (0.14 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt (0.31 ) - (0.31 ) Tax benefit from favorable tax election 0.21 - 0.21 Impairment of held for sale assets (0.54 ) - (0.54 ) Acquisition and integration related costs (0.05 ) (0.21 ) 0.16 Litigation related costs - (0.07 ) 0.07 Income tax settlements - 0.43 (0.43 ) Tax impact of non-deductible litigation related costs - (0.13 ) 0.13 Adjusted diluted EPS $ 8.52 $ 7.56 $ 0.96 12.7 % Operating cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $3,052.3, or 1.2 times net income. Operating cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $2,744.6, or 1.0 times net income. The increase in operating cash flow from 2012 of $307.7 was driven primarily by an increase in net income adjusted for non-cash items, primarily due to the loss on disposal of discontinued operations, changes in amortization expense and realized losses on extinguishment of debt. The increase was further attributable to lower payments for litigation related matters, incentive compensation and minimum MLR rebates; and a net increase in the collection of income tax refunds in 2013.

We intend to expand through a combination of organic growth, strategic acquisitions and efficient use of capital in both existing and new markets. Our growth strategy is designed to enable us to take advantage of additional economies of scale as well as providing us access to new and evolving technologies and products. In addition, we believe geographic and product diversity reduces our exposure to local or regional regulatory, economic and competitive pressures and provides us with increased opportunities for growth.

While we have achieved strong growth as a result of strategic mergers and acquisitions, we have also achieved organic growth in our existing markets over time by providing excellent service, offering competitively priced products, access to high quality provider networks and effectively capitalizing on the brand strength of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield names and marks.

-47- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Significant Transactions The more significant transactions that have occurred over the last three years that have impacted or will impact our capital structure or that have or will influence how we conduct our business operations include: • Use of Capital-Board of Directors declaration of dividends on common stock (2013, 2012 and 2011) and a 16.7% increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.4375 per share (2014); authorization for repurchases of our common stock (2013 and prior); and debt repurchases and new debt issuance (2013 and prior); • Acquisition of Amerigroup and the related debt issuance (2012); • Acquisition of 1-800 CONTACTS (2012) and subsequent divestiture (2014); and • Acquisition of CareMore (2011).

For additional information regarding these transactions, see Note 3, "Business Acquisitions and Divestitures," Note 13, "Debt" and Note 15, "Capital Stock," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Membership Our medical membership includes seven different customer types: Local Group, Individual, National Accounts, BlueCard®, Medicare, Medicaid and FEP.

BCBS-branded business generally refers to members in our service areas licensed by the BCBSA. Non-BCBS-branded business refers to Amerigroup and CareMore members as well as Healthlink and UniCare members predominantly outside of our BCBSA service areas.

• Local Group consists of those employer customers with less than 5% of eligible employees located outside of the headquarter state, as well as customers with more than 5% of eligible employees located outside of the headquarter state with up to 5,000 eligible employees. In addition, Local Group includes UniCare local group members. These groups are generally sold through brokers or consultants working with industry specialists from our in-house sales force. Local Group insurance premiums may be based on claims incurred by the group or sold on a self-insured basis. The customer's buying decision is typically based upon the size and breadth of our networks, customer service, the quality of our medical management services, the administrative cost included in our quoted price, our financial stability, reputation and our ability to effectively service large complex accounts. Local Group accounted for 41.2%, 40.5% and 44.4% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

• Individual consists of individual customers under age 65 (including UniCare) and their covered dependents. Individual policies are generally sold through independent agents and brokers, retail partnerships, our in-house sales force or via the Internet. Individual business is sold on a fully-insured basis. We offer on-exchange products through state or federally facilitated marketplaces and off-exchange products. Federal premium subsidies are available only for certain on-exchange individual products. Individual customers are generally more sensitive to product pricing and, to a lesser extent, the configuration of the network, and the efficiency of administration. Account turnover is generally higher with Individual as compared to Local Group. Individual business accounted for 4.9%, 5.1% and 5.4% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

• National Accounts generally consist of multi-state employer groups primarily headquartered in a WellPoint service area with at least 5% of the eligible employees located outside of the headquarter state and with more than 5,000 eligible employees. Some exceptions are allowed based on broker relationships. Service area is defined as the geographic area in which we are licensed to sell BCBS products. National Accounts are generally sold through independent brokers or consultants retained by the customer working with our in-house sales force. We have an advantage when competing for very large National Accounts due to the size and breadth of our networks and our ability to access the national provider networks of BCBS companies at their competitive local market rates. National Accounts represented 19.0%, 19.4% and 21.6% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

• BlueCard® host customers represent enrollees of Blue Cross and/or Blue Shield plans not owned by WellPoint who receive health care services in our BCBSA licensed markets. BlueCard® membership consists of estimated host members using the national BlueCard® program. Host members are generally members who reside in or travel to a state in which a WellPoint subsidiary is the Blue Cross and/or Blue Shield licensee and who are covered under an employer-sponsored health plan issued by a non-WellPoint controlled BCBSA licensee (i.e., the "home plan"). We perform certain administrative functions for BlueCard® members, for which we receive administrative fees from the BlueCard® members' home plans. Other administrative functions, including maintenance of enrollment information and customer service, are performed by the home plan. Host members are computed using, among other things, the -48--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- average number of BlueCard® claims received per month. BlueCard® host membership accounted for 14.2%, 13.9% and 14.4% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

• Medicare customers are Medicare-eligible individual members age 65 and over who have enrolled in Medicare Advantage, a managed care alternative for the Medicare program, who have purchased Medicare Supplement benefit coverage, some disabled under 65, or all ages with End Stage Renal Disease. Medicare Supplement policies are sold to Medicare recipients as supplements to the benefits they receive from the Medicare program. Rates are filed with and in some cases approved by state insurance departments.

Most of the premium for Medicare Advantage is paid directly by the Federal government on behalf of the participant who may also be charged a small premium. Medicare Supplement and Medicare Advantage products are marketed in the same manner, primarily through independent agents and brokers.

Medicare business accounted for 4.1%, 4.4% and 4.3% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

• Medicaid membership represents eligible members who receive health care benefits through publicly funded health care programs, including Medicaid, CHIP and Medicaid expansion programs. Total Medicaid program business accounted for 12.3%, 12.5% and 5.5% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

• FEP members consist of United States government employees and their dependents within our geographic markets through our participation in the national contract between the BCBSA and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. FEP business accounted for 4.3%, 4.2% and 4.4% of our medical members at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

In addition to reporting our medical membership by customer type, we report by funding arrangement according to the level of risk that we assume in the product contract. Our two principal funding arrangement categories are fully-insured and self-funded. Fully-insured products are products in which we indemnify our policyholders against costs for health benefits. Self-funded products are offered to customers, generally larger employers, who elect to retain most or all of the financial risk associated with their employees' health care costs.

Some self-funded customers choose to purchase stop-loss coverage to limit their retained risk.

-49- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following table presents our medical membership by customer type, funding arrangement and reportable segment as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Also included below is other membership by product. The medical membership and other membership presented are unaudited and in certain instances include estimates of the number of members represented by each contract at the end of the period.

December 31 2013 vs. 2012 2012 vs. 2011 (In thousands) 2013 2012 2011 Change % Change Change % Change Medical Membership Customer Type Local Group 14,690 14,634 15,212 56 0.4 (578 ) (3.8 ) Individual 1,755 1,855 1,846 (100 ) (5.4 ) 9 0.5 National: National Accounts 6,775 6,999 7,401 (224 ) (3.2 ) (402 ) (5.4 ) BlueCard® 5,050 5,016 4,935 34 0.7 81 1.6 Total National 11,825 12,015 12,336 (190 ) (1.6 ) (321 ) (2.6 ) Medicare 1,478 1,586 1,471 (108 ) (6.8 ) 115 7.8 Medicaid 4,378 4,520 1,867 (142 ) (3.1 ) 2,653 142.1 FEP 1,527 1,520 1,519 7 0.5 1 0.1 Total Medical Membership by Customer Type 35,653 36,130 34,251 (477 ) (1.3 ) 1,879 5.5 Funding Arrangement Self-Funded 20,294 20,176 20,506 118 0.6 (330 ) (1.6 ) Fully-Insured 15,359 15,954 13,745 (595 ) (3.7 ) 2,209 16.1 Total Medical Membership by Funding Arrangement 35,653 36,130 34,251 (477 ) (1.3 ) 1,879 5.5 Reportable Segment Commercial and Specialty Business 28,270 28,504 29,394 (234 ) (0.8 ) (890 ) (3.0 ) Government Business 7,383 7,626 4,857 (243 ) (3.2 ) 2,769 57.0 Total Medical Membership by Reportable Segment 35,653 36,130 34,251 (477 ) (1.3 ) 1,879 5.5 Other Membership & Customers Behavioral Health Members 24,372 24,156 25,135 216 0.9 (979 ) (3.9 ) Life and Disability Members 4,819 4,838 5,012 (19 ) (0.4 ) (174 ) (3.5 ) Dental Members 4,895 4,863 5,069 32 0.7 (206 ) (4.1 ) Dental Administration Members 4,886 4,103 4,162 783 19.1 (59 ) (1.4 ) Vision Members 4,743 4,519 3,783 224 5.0 736 19.5 Medicare Advantage Part D Members 628 734 635 (106 ) (14.4 ) 99 15.6 Medicare Part D Standalone Members 474 574 667 (100 ) (17.4 ) (93 ) (13.9 ) Retail Vision Customers 3,114 3,130 - (16 ) (0.5 ) 3,130 - December 31, 2013 Compared to December 31, 2012 Medical Membership (in thousands) During the year ended December 31, 2013, total medical membership decreased 477, or 1.3%, primarily due to decreases in our National Accounts, Medicaid, Medicare and Individual membership.

-50- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Self-funded medical membership increased 118, or 0.6%, primarily due to increases in our Local Group self-funded accounts, partially offset by lapses in our National Accounts and BlueCard® business.

Fully-insured membership decreased 595, or 3.7%, primarily due to membership losses in certain Local Group and Individual markets, as well as membership losses in our Medicaid and Medicare business, described below.

Local Group membership increased 56, or 0.4%, primarily due to new sales in several markets, partially offset by insured membership losses from strategic product portfolio changes in certain states, competitive pressure in certain markets and, we believe, affordability challenges affecting healthcare consumers in general.

Individual membership decreased 100, or 5.4%, primarily due to a heightened competitive environment in certain markets.

National Accounts membership decreased 224, or 3.2%, primarily due to lapses in our self-funded business.

BlueCard® membership increased 34, or 0.7%, primarily due to favorable membership activity at other BCBSA plans whose members reside in or travel to our licensed areas.

Medicare membership decreased 108, or 6.8%, primarily due to our product repositioning strategy toward HMO product offerings.

Medicaid membership decreased 142, or 3.1%, primarily due to membership losses in our California and New York plans and termination of the Ohio contract on June 30, 2013, partially offset by an increase in membership in various other states.

FEP membership increased 7, or 0.5%, primarily due to favorable in-group change.

Other Membership & Customers (in thousands) Our Other products are often ancillary to our health business and can therefore be impacted by corresponding changes in our medical membership.

Behavioral health membership increased 216, or 0.9%, primarily due to increased penetration into the Commercial market.

Life and disability membership decreased 19, or 0.4%, primarily due to the overall declines in our Commercial and Specialty Business medical membership.

Life and disability products are generally offered as part of Commercial and Specialty Business medical membership sales.

Dental membership increased 32, or 0.7%, primarily due to growth from the launch of new product offerings, partially offset by declines in our Commercial and Specialty Business membership.

Dental administration membership increased 783, or 19.1%, primarily due to the acquisition of a large managed dental contract pursuant to which we provide dental administrative services.

Vision membership increased 224, or 5.0%, primarily due to strong sales and in-group change in our Local Group business.

Medicare Advantage Part D membership decreased 106, or 14.4%, primarily due to our product repositioning strategy toward HMO product offerings.

Medicare Part D standalone membership decreased 100, or 17.4%, primarily due to competitive pressure in certain markets.

Retail vision customers decreased 16, or 0.5%, primarily due to a contract termination with a large independent retailer.

-51- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- December 31, 2012 Compared to December 31, 2011 Medical Membership (in thousands) During the year ended December 31, 2012, total medical membership increased 1,879, or 5.5%, primarily due to Medicaid membership acquired with the acquisition of Amerigroup and growth in our Medicare membership, partially offset by decreases in our Local Group and National Accounts membership.

Self-funded medical membership decreased 330, or 1.6%, primarily due to pricing increases in our National Accounts business.

Fully-insured membership increased 2,209, or 16.1%, primarily due to Medicaid membership acquired with the acquisition of Amerigroup and growth in our Medicare membership, partially offset by membership losses in certain Local Group markets resulting primarily from strategic product portfolio changes and heightened competition.

Local Group membership decreased 578, or 3.8%, primarily due to increased competition, strategic product portfolio changes in the New York market and network rental markets and negative in-group change.

Individual membership increased 9, or 0.5%, primarily due to an overall improved competitive position in our California market.

National Accounts membership decreased 402, or 5.4%, primarily driven by pricing increases in our self-funded National Accounts business and negative in-group change.

BlueCard® membership increased 81, or 1.6%, primarily due to favorable net sales and in-group change at other BCBSA plans whose members reside in or travel to our licensed areas.

Medicare membership increased 115, or 7.8%, primarily due to strong sales during the open enrollment period resulting from our geographic expansion into several new counties and Medicare Advantage membership acquired with the acquisition of Amerigroup, partially offset by the withdrawal of the California Regional PPO Medicare Advantage product.

Medicaid membership increased 2,653, or 142.1%, primarily due to 2,621 members acquired with the acquisition of Amerigroup and growth in Wisconsin, California and Kansas, partially offset by exiting selected markets.

FEP membership increased 1, or 0.1%, primarily due to favorable in-group change.

Other Membership & Customers (in thousands) Our Other products are often ancillary to our health business and can therefore be impacted by corresponding changes in our medical membership.

Behavioral health membership decreased 979, or 3.9%, primarily due to the overall declines in our fully-insured medical membership and negative in-group change.

Life and disability membership decreased 174, or 3.5%, primarily due to the overall declines in our commercial fully-insured medical membership and negative in-group change. Life and disability products are generally offered as part of commercial medical fully-insured membership sales.

Dental membership decreased 206, or 4.1%, primarily due to the lapse of a large dental contract, partially offset by the launch of new dental products in 2012.

Dental administration membership decreased 59, or 1.4%, primarily due to the lapse of a large contract pursuant to which we provided dental administrative services.

Vision membership increased 736, or 19.5%, primarily due to strong sales and positive in-group change in our National Accounts, Local Group and Medicare businesses.

Medicare Advantage Part D membership increased 99, or 15.6%, primarily due to strong sales during the open enrollment period resulting from our geographic expansion into several new counties and members acquired with the -52- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- acquisition of Amerigroup, partially offset by our withdrawal of the California Regional PPO Medicare Advantage product.

Medicare Part D standalone membership decreased 93, or 13.9%, primarily due to competitive pressure in certain markets.

Retail vision customers increased 3,130 due to our acquisition of 1-800 CONTACTS.

Cost of Care The following discussion summarizes our aggregate underlying cost of care trends for the year ended December 31, 2013 for our Local Group fully-insured business only.

Our cost of care trends are calculated by comparing the year-over-year change in average per member per month claim costs, including member co-payments and deductibles. While our cost of care trend varies by geographic location, based on underlying medical cost trends, we estimate that our aggregate cost of care trend was approximately 6.0% for the full year of 2013. We anticipate that medical cost trends will increase by approximately 50 basis points in 2014.

Overall, our medical cost trend is driven by unit cost. Inpatient hospital trend is in the mid-to-high single digit range and is 80% cost driven and 20% utilization driven. While provider rate increases are a primary driver of unit cost trends, we continually negotiate with hospitals to manage these cost trends. We remain committed to optimizing our reimbursement rates and strategies to help address the cost pressures faced by employers and consumers. Inpatient admission counts per thousand members and inpatient day counts per thousand members are both slightly higher than the prior year. The average length of stay is slightly lower than the prior year. In addition to our re-contracting efforts, a number of clinical management initiatives are in place to help mitigate the inpatient trend. Focused review efforts continue in key areas, including targeting outlier facilities for length of stay and readmission, and spinal surgery cases, among others. Additionally, we continue to refine our programs related to readmission management, focused behavioral health readmission reduction and post-discharge follow-up care.

Outpatient trend is in the mid-single digit range and is 90% cost driven and 10% utilization driven. Outpatient costs are a collection of different types of expenses, such as outpatient facilities, labs, x-rays, emergency room, and occupational and physical therapy. Per visit costs are still the largest contributor to overall outpatient trend, influenced largely by price increases within certain provider contracts. Outpatient utilization (visits per thousand members) is slightly higher than the prior year. We continue to work with vendors and providers to help optimize site of service decisions, including key areas such as emergency room, lab, radiology, sleep studies, and surgery settings. As an example, we have launched a Sleep Management Program through our American Imaging Management subsidiary in west, central and north-east states.

The program aligns the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea with clinical guidelines based on widely accepted medical literature, while at the same time enhancing member access to high value providers and ensuring treatment compliance for the continuing payment for equipment rental and ongoing supplies.

Programs like this, along with continued expansion and optimization of our utilization management programs, are serving to moderate trend.

Physician services trend is in the mid-single digit range and is unit cost driven. Increases in the physician care category are partially driven by contracting changes. We continue to collaborate with physicians to improve quality of care through pay-for-performance programs and bundled payment initiatives. Additionally, we continue to enhance our ability to detect and deter fraud and abuse, reducing waste in the system.

Pharmacy trend is in the mid-single digit range and is 50% unit cost related and 50% utilization related. Continued inflation in the average wholesale price of drugs is applying upward pressure to the overall cost per prescription, as is the increasing cost of specialty drugs. The increase in cost per prescription measures continues to be mitigated by improvements in our generic usage rates and benefit plan design changes. We are continuously evaluating our drug formulary to ensure the most effective pharmaceutical therapies are available to our members.

In response to cost trends, we continue to pursue contracting and plan design changes, promote and implement performance-based contracts that reward clinical outcomes and quality, and expand our radiology management, disease management and advanced care management programs. We believe we are taking a leading role in the area of payment reform as evidenced by our Enhanced Personal Health Care program (previously the Patient Centered Primary Care program). By establishing the primary care doctor as central to the coordination of a patient's health care needs, the initiative -53- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- builds on the success of current patient-centered medical home programs in helping to improve patient care while lowering costs. We have instituted clinical liaisons working with participating provider offices sharing reports and cost of care data with providers as well as facilitating referrals to and from care management programs. Additionally, our value-based contracting initiative continues to underscore our commitment to partnering with providers to improve quality and lower cost.

-54- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Consolidated Results of Operations Our consolidated summarized results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are discussed in the following section.

Change Years Ended December 31 2013 vs. 2012 2012 vs. 2011 2013 2012 2011 $ % $ % Total operating revenue $ 70,191.4 $ 60,514.0 $ 59,865.2 $ 9,677.4 16.0 $ 648.8 1.1 Net investment income 659.1 686.1 703.7 (27.0 ) (3.9 ) (17.6 ) (2.5 ) Net realized gains on investments 271.9 334.9 235.1 (63.0 ) (18.8 ) 99.8 42.5 Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments (98.9 ) (37.8 ) (93.3 ) (61.1 ) (161.6 ) 55.5 59.5 Total revenues 71,023.5 61,497.2 60,710.7 9,526.3 15.5 786.5 1.3 Benefit expense 56,237.1 48,213.6 47,647.5 8,023.5 16.6 566.1 1.2 Selling, general and administrative expense 9,952.9 8,680.5 8,435.6 1,272.4 14.7 244.9 2.9 Other expense1 993.3 744.8 669.7 248.5 33.4 75.1 11.2 Total expenses 67,183.3 57,638.9 56,752.8 9,544.4 16.6 886.1 1.6 Income from continuing operations before income tax expense 3,840.2 3,858.3 3,957.9 (18.1 ) (0.5 ) (99.6 ) (2.5 ) Income tax expense 1,205.9 1,207.3 1,311.2 (1.4 ) (0.1 ) (103.9 ) (7.9 ) Income from continuing operations 2,634.3 2,651.0 2,646.7 (16.7 ) (0.6 ) 4.3 0.2 (Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax2 (144.6 ) 4.5 - (149.1 ) NM3 4.5 - Net income $ 2,489.7 $ 2,655.5 $ 2,646.7 $ (165.8 ) (6.2 ) $ 8.8 0.3 Average diluted shares outstanding 303.8 324.8 365.1 (21.0 ) (6.5 ) (40.3 ) (11.0 ) Diluted net income (loss) per share: Diluted - continuing operations $ 8.67 $ 8.17 $ 7.25 $ 0.50 6.1 $ 0.92 12.7 Diluted - discontinued operations2 (0.47 ) 0.01 - (0.48 ) NM3 0.01 - Diluted net income per share $ 8.20 $ 8.18 $ 7.25 $ 0.02 0.2 $ 0.93 12.8 Benefit expense ratio4 85.1 % 85.3 % 85.1 % (20)bp5 20bp5 Selling, general and administrative expense ratio6 14.2 % 14.3 % 14.1 % (10)bp5 20bp5 Income from continuing operations before income taxes as a percentage of total revenue 5.4 % 6.3 % 6.5 % (90)bp5 (20)bp5 Net income as a percentage of total revenue 3.5 % 4.3 % 4.4 % (80)bp5 (10)bp5 Certain of the following definitions are also applicable to all other results of operations tables in this discussion: 1 Includes interest expense, amortization of other intangible assets and loss on extinguishment of debt.

2 The operating results of 1-800 CONTACTS are reported as discontinued operations at December 31, 2013 as a result of the pending divestiture.

3 Calculation not meaningful.

4 Benefit expense ratio represents benefit expense as a percentage of premium revenue. Premiums for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $66,119.1, $56,496.7 and $55,969.6, respectively. Premiums are included in total operating revenue presented above.

5 bp = basis point; one hundred basis points = 1%.

6 Selling, general and administrative expense ratio represents selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of total operating revenue.

-55--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2012 Total operating revenue increased $9,677.4, or 16.0%, to $70,191.4 in 2013, resulting primarily from higher premiums and, to a lesser extent, increased administrative fees. The higher premiums were mainly due to increases in our Medicaid business primarily as a result of our acquisition of Amerigroup in December 2012. Rate increases in our Local Group, FEP, Individual and National businesses designed to cover overall cost trends as well as premium rate and membership increases in our Specialty businesses and increased administrative fees resulting from pricing increases for self-funded members in our Commercial businesses also contributed to the increased operating revenue. These increases were partially offset by fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group business due to strategic portfolio changes in certain states, competitive pressure in certain markets and, we believe, affordability challenges affecting healthcare consumers in general. Additionally, lower revenues in our Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D businesses primarily due to membership declines as a result of our product repositioning strategy toward HMO product offerings, partially offset the increased operating revenues.

Net investment income decreased $27.0, or 3.9%, to $659.1 in 2013, primarily due to lower investment yields.

Net realized gains on investments decreased $63.0, or 18.8%, to $271.9 in 2013, primarily due to lower net realized gains on sales of fixed maturity securities partially offset by an increase in net realized gains on sales of equity securities, a realized gain on the partial divestiture of an equity method investment and an increase in net realized gains on sales and settlements of derivative financial instruments.

Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments increased $61.1, or 161.6%, to $98.9 in 2013, primarily due to the impairment of certain joint venture investments and fixed maturity securities.

Benefit expense increased $8,023.5, or 16.6%, to $56,237.1 in 2013, primarily from our acquisition of Amerigroup and increased benefit costs in our Local Group, Individual and FEP businesses. These increases were partially offset by the fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group and Medicare Advantage businesses as described above.

Our benefit expense ratio decreased 20.0 basis points to 85.1% in 2013, due, in part, to our product repositioning strategy in certain Medicare Advantage plans toward HMO product offerings with lower benefit costs. The decrease was further attributable to the favorable impact of declines in membership in our Local Group business in products with higher benefit costs and lower than expected medical cost trends. These improvements were partially offset by the acquisition of Amerigroup, which carries higher average benefit expense ratios than our consolidated average as well as higher than expected medical cost trends in our Individual business.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased $1,272.4, or 14.7%, to $9,952.9 in 2013, primarily due to the inclusion of selling, general and administrative expense related to our Amerigroup subsidiary in 2013. The increase was further attributable to costs incurred in preparation for the implementation of Health Care Reform effective in 2014 as well as increases in incentive compensation as a result of our operating performance.

Our selling, general and administrative expense ratio decreased 10.0 basis points to 14.2% in 2013, primarily due to the effect of the increase in operating revenue from Amerigroup partially offset by the increased selling general and administrative expense discussed in the preceding paragraph.

Other expenses increased $248.5, or 33.4%, to $993.3 in 2013, primarily due to losses on debt extinguishment of $145.3 associated with our early redemption and repurchases of $1,100.0 aggregate principal amount of outstanding notes. On July 30, 2013, we initiated a cash tender offer and consent solicitation to purchase certain of our outstanding 5.875% Notes due 2017, 7.000% Notes due 2019, 5.950% Notes due 2034, 5.850% Notes due 2036, 6.375% Notes due 2037 and 5.800% Notes due 2040 (collectively, the "Tendered Notes"). On August 13, 2013, we repurchased $700.0 of the Tendered Notes for cash totaling $837.7. Holders who tendered their notes prior to the early tender date received the principal amounts, applicable premium for early redemption and accrued and unpaid interest to the early tender offer settlement date. Additionally, on September 5, 2013, we redeemed the $400.0 outstanding principal balance of our 6.000% senior unsecured notes due 2014, plus applicable premium for early redemption and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, for cash totaling $411.0.

The increase in other expense was further attributable to increased interest expense resulting from higher outstanding debt balances associated with our acquisition of Amerigroup and the issuance on July 30, 2013 of $650.0 of 2.300% notes due 2018 and $600.0 of 5.100% notes due 2044 to fund, in part, the early redemption and repurchases discussed above.

-56- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income tax expense decreased $1.4, or 0.1%, to $1,205.9 in 2013. The effective tax rates in 2013 and 2012 were 31.4% and 31.3%, respectively. The effective tax rate in 2013 includes benefits resulting from a favorable tax election made subsequent to the Amerigroup acquisition and inclusion of Amerigroup in our state apportionment factors calculation, which produces a lower effective state tax rate. The effective tax rate in 2012 includes benefits resulting from settlement with the IRS of items related to not-for-profit conversions and corporate reorganizations prior to 2012, as well as issues related to certain of our acquired companies incurred prior to our acquisition of those companies.

These favorable items in the 2012 effective tax rate were partially offset by increases due to the impact of non-tax deductible litigation settlement expenses and an increase in our state deferred tax asset valuation allowance attributable to uncertainty associated with certain state net operating loss carryforwards.

In December 2013, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our 1-800 CONTACTS business and an asset purchase agreement to sell our glasses.com related assets (collectively, 1-800 CONTACTS). The operating results for 1-800 CONTACTS are reported as discontinued operations as a result of the pending divestiture at December 31, 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $144.6 compared to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $4.5 for the year ended December 31, 2012. Included in the loss from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2013, is a loss on disposal of held for sale assets, net of tax, of $164.5. The loss on disposal was calculated as the difference between the fair value, as determined by the sales agreements less costs to sell, and the carrying value of the held for sale assets at December 31, 2013. The divestitures were completed on January 31, 2014 and did not result in any material difference to the loss on disposal recognized during the year ended December 31, 2013.

Our net income as a percentage of total revenue decreased 80.0 basis points to 3.5% in 2013 as compared to 2012 as a result of all factors discussed above.

Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2011 Total operating revenue increased $648.8, or 1.1% to $60,514.0 in 2012, resulting primarily from higher premium revenue and, to a lesser extent, increased administrative fees. The higher premium revenue was due primarily to membership growth in our Medicare Advantage business, including CareMore, and growth in our Medicaid business, primarily in the California market, as well as revenue from Amerigroup's operations during the post-acquisition period. In addition, premium rate increases in our Local Group and Individual businesses designed to cover overall cost trends and increased reimbursement in our FEP business contributed to the increased premium revenue. These increases were partially offset by fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group business resulting from strategic product portfolio changes in certain states, competitive pressure in certain markets and unfavorable economic conditions.

Administrative fees increased primarily as a result of pricing increases for self-funded members in our National Accounts and Local Group businesses, partially offset by membership declines in our self-funded National Accounts business.

Net investment income decreased $17.6, or 2.5%, to $686.1 in 2012, primarily due to lower investment yields, partially offset by higher average cash and investment balances resulting from debt issuances in 2012, including the debt issuance related to our acquisition of Amerigroup.

Net realized gains on investments increased $99.8, or 42.5%, to $334.9 in 2012, primarily due to increased gains on sales of fixed maturity securities as a result of improved market conditions.

Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments decreased $55.5, or 59.5%, to $37.8 in 2012, primarily due to improved market conditions.

Benefit expense increased $566.1, or 1.2%, to $48,213.6 in 2012, primarily due to increases in our Medicare and Medicaid businesses, partially offset by decreases in our Local Group business. The increase in our Medicare business was driven primarily by membership growth in our Medicare Advantage business, including CareMore, while the increase in our Medicaid business was driven by both increased benefit cost trends and membership growth, including membership acquired with the acquisition of Amerigroup. These increases were partially offset by the fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group business as described above, as well as favorable prior year reserve development in 2012 compared to modest reserve strengthening in 2011.

Our benefit expense ratio increased 20 basis points to 85.3% in 2012, primarily due to higher medical costs in our Medicaid business, primarily in California.

The benefit expense ratio increase was partially offset by improvements in our -57- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Group and Medicare businesses and the favorable prior year reserve development.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased $244.9, or 2.9%, to $8,680.5 in 2012, primarily due to additional selling, general and administrative expense related to CareMore, acquisition and integration related expenses associated with Amerigroup and the impairment of certain software assets, partially offset by lower employee incentive compensation costs.

Our selling, general and administrative expense ratio increased 20 basis points to 14.3% in 2012, primarily due to the increased selling, general and administrative expense discussed in the preceding paragraph, partially offset by increased operating revenue.

Other expense increased $75.1, or 11.2%, to $744.8 in 2012 primarily due to increased interest expense resulting from higher outstanding debt balances and financing costs associated with our acquisition of Amerigroup.

Income tax expense decreased $103.9, or 7.9%, to $1,207.3 in 2012, primarily due to a lower effective tax rate in 2012 and, to a lesser extent, lower income from continuing operations before income tax expense. The effective tax rates in 2012 and 2011 were 31.3% and 33.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate decreased primarily due to the impact from the 2012 settlement with the IRS of items related to not-for-profit conversions and corporate reorganizations in prior years, as well as issues related to certain of our acquired companies incurred prior to our acquisition of those companies. This was partially offset by increases due to the impact of non-tax deductible litigation settlement expenses and an increase in our state deferred tax asset valuation allowance attributable to uncertainty associated with certain state net operating loss carryforwards.

Our net income as a percentage of total revenue decreased 10 basis points to 4.3% in 2012 as compared to 2011 as a result of all factors discussed above.

Reportable Segments Results of Operations We use operating gain to evaluate the performance of our reportable segments, which are Commercial and Specialty Business; Government Business; and Other.

Operating gain is calculated as total operating revenue less benefit expense and selling, general and administrative expense. It does not include net investment income, net realized gains/losses on investments, other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in income, interest expense, amortization of other intangible assets, loss on extinguishment of debt or income taxes, as these items are managed in a corporate shared service environment and are not the responsibility of operating segment management. For additional information, including a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures, see Note 20, "Segment Information," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in this Form 10-K. The discussion of segment results for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 presented below are based on operating gain, as described above, and operating margin, which is calculated as operating gain divided by operating revenue. Our definitions of operating gain and operating margin may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

-58- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Commercial and Specialty Business, Government Business, and Other segments' summarized results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are as follows: Change Years Ended December 31 2013 vs. 2012 2012 vs. 2011 2013 2012 2011 $ % $ % Commercial and Specialty Business Operating revenue $ 38,790.1 $ 38,852.9 $ 39,961.2 $ (62.8 ) (0.2 )% $ (1,108.3 ) (2.8 )% Operating gain $ 3,093.3 $ 3,339.7 $ 3,344.5 $ (246.4 ) (7.4 )% $ (4.8 ) (0.1 )% Operating margin 8.0 % 8.6 % 8.4 % (60 )bp 20 bp Government Business Operating revenue $ 31,366.7 $ 21,625.7 $ 19,874.0 $ 9,741.0 45.0 % $ 1,751.7 8.8 % Operating gain $ 927.1 $ 341.8 $ 461.6 $ 585.3 171.2 % $ (119.8 ) (26.0 )% Operating margin 3.0 % 1.6 % 2.3 % 140 bp (70 )bp Other Operating revenue1 $ 34.6 $ 35.4 $ 30.0 $ (0.8 ) (2.3 )% $ 5.4 18.0 % Operating loss2 $ (19.0 ) $ (61.6 ) $ (24.0 ) $ 42.6 (69.2 )% $ (37.6 ) 156.7 % 1 Fluctuations not material.

2 Fluctuations primarily a result of changes in unallocated corporate expenses.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2012 Commercial and Specialty Business Operating revenue decreased $62.8, or 0.2%, to $38,790.1 in 2013, primarily due to fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group business resulting from strategic product portfolio changes in certain states, competitive pressure in certain markets and, we believe, affordability challenges affecting healthcare consumers in general. This decrease was partially offset by premium rate increases in our Local Group, Individual and National businesses designed to cover overall cost trends, premium rate and membership increases in our Specialty businesses, primarily related to our dental and vision products, as well as increased administrative fees resulting from pricing increases for self-funded members in our Commercial businesses.

Operating gain decreased $246.4, or 7.4%, to $3,093.3 in 2013, primarily as a result of higher selling, general and administrative expenses driven by costs incurred in preparation for the implementation of Health Care Reform provisions that become effective in 2014 as well as increases in allocated incentive compensation as a result of consolidated operating performance. The decrease was further attributable to increased benefit costs in our Individual business.

These decreases were partially offset by improved results in our Local Group business resulting from lower than anticipated medical cost trends.

The operating margin in 2013 was 8.0%, a 60 basis point decrease over 2012, primarily due to the factors discussed in the preceding two paragraphs.

Government Business Operating revenue increased $9,741.0, or 45.0%, to $31,366.7 in 2013, primarily due to the acquisition of Amerigroup, growth in our FEP business due to premium rate increases designed to cover overall cost trends, and increases in membership in our CareMore and FEP businesses. These increases were partially offset by membership declines in our non-CareMore Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D businesses related to our product repositioning strategy toward HMO product offerings.

Operating gain increased $585.3, or 171.2%, to $927.1 in 2013, primarily due to the acquisition of Amerigroup and -59- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- improved operating results in the majority of our other government lines of business.

The operating margin in 2013 was 3.0%, a 140 basis point increase from 2012, primarily due to the factors discussed in the preceding two paragraphs.

Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2011 Commercial and Specialty Business Operating revenue decreased $1,108.3, or 2.8%, to $38,852.9 in 2012, primarily due to fully-insured membership declines in our Local Group business resulting from strategic product portfolio changes in certain states, competitive pressure in certain markets and unfavorable economic conditions, partially offset by premium rate increases in our Local Group business designed to cover overall cost trends. Partially offsetting the decline in premium revenue was an increase in administrative fees resulting from pricing increases for self-funded members in our National Accounts and Local Group businesses.

Operating gain decreased $4.8, or 0.1%, to $3,339.7 in 2012, primarily as a result of declines in our Local Group business due to fully-insured membership losses as a result of strategic product portfolio changes in certain markets, competitive pressure in certain markets and unfavorable economic conditions as well as declines in our Individual business due to higher benefit cost trends.

These decreases were partially offset by an improved benefit expense ratio for our Local Group business, including the impact of favorable prior year reserve development in 2012 compared to modest reserve strengthening in 2011.

The operating margin in 2012 was 8.6%, a 20 basis point increase from 2011, primarily due to the factors discussed in the preceding two paragraphs.

Government Business Operating revenue increased $1,751.7, or 8.8%, to $21,625.7 in 2012, primarily due to membership growth in our Medicare Advantage business, including CareMore, and, to a lesser extent, growth in our Medicaid business resulting from retroactive premium rate increases in the California market as well as premium revenue from Amerigroup's operations during the post-acquisition period.

Additionally, growth in our FEP business resulting from premium rate increases designed to cover overall cost trends during 2012 contributed to the increase.

Operating gain decreased $119.8, or 26.0%, to $341.8 in 2012, primarily due to declines in our Medicaid business due to higher benefit cost trends and increased general and administrative expense resulting from transaction expenses associated with the Amerigroup acquisition and restructuring activities.

The operating margin in 2012 was 1.6%, a 70 basis point decrease from 2011, primarily due to the factors discussed in the preceding two paragraphs.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP.

Application of GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and within this MD&A. We consider our most important accounting policies that require significant estimates and management judgment to be those policies with respect to liabilities for medical claims payable, income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets, investments and retirement benefits, which are discussed below. Our other significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2, "Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the consolidated financial statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third party professionals and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.

-60- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Medical Claims Payable The most subjective accounting estimate in our consolidated financial statements is our liability for medical claims payable. At December 31, 2013, this liability was $6,127.2 and represented 17.6% of our total consolidated liabilities. We record this liability and the corresponding benefit expense for incurred but not paid claims including the estimated costs of processing such claims. Incurred but not paid claims include (1) an estimate for claims that are incurred but not reported, as well as claims reported to us but not yet processed through our systems, which approximated 95.5%, or $5,851.0, of our total medical claims liability as of December 31, 2013; and (2) claims reported to us and processed through our systems but not yet paid, which approximated 4.5%, or $276.2, of the total medical claims payable as of December 31, 2013.

The level of claims payable processed through our systems but not yet paid may fluctuate from one period end to the next, from 1% to 5% of our total medical claims liability, due to timing of when claim payments are made.

Liabilities for both claims incurred but not reported and reported but not yet processed through our systems are determined in aggregate, employing actuarial methods that are commonly used by health insurance actuaries and meet Actuarial Standards of Practice. Actuarial Standards of Practice require that the claim liabilities be appropriate under moderately adverse circumstances. We determine the amount of the liability for incurred but not paid claims by following a detailed actuarial process that entails using both historical claim payment patterns as well as emerging medical cost trends to project our best estimate of claim liabilities. Under this process, historical paid claims data is formatted into "claim triangles," which compare claim incurred dates to the dates of claim payments. This information is analyzed to create "completion factors" that represent the average percentage of total incurred claims that have been paid through a given date after being incurred. Completion factors are applied to claims paid through the period end date to estimate the ultimate claim expense incurred for the period. Actuarial estimates of incurred but not paid claim liabilities are then determined by subtracting the actual paid claims from the estimate of the ultimate incurred claims.

For the most recent incurred months (typically the most recent two months), the percentage of claims paid for claims incurred in those months is generally low.

This makes the completion factor methodology less reliable for such months.

Therefore, incurred claims for recent months are not projected from historical completion and payment patterns; rather they are projected by estimating the claims expense for those months based on recent claims expense levels and health care trend levels, or "trend factors." Because the reserve methodology is based upon historical information, it must be adjusted for known or suspected operational and environmental changes. These adjustments are made by our actuaries based on their knowledge and their estimate of emerging impacts to benefit costs and payment speed. Circumstances to be considered in developing our best estimate of reserves include changes in utilization levels, unit costs, mix of business, benefit plan designs, provider reimbursement levels, processing system conversions and changes, claim inventory levels, claim processing patterns, claim submission patterns and operational changes resulting from business combinations. A comparison of prior period liabilities to re-estimated claim liabilities based on subsequent claims development is also considered in making the liability determination. In our comparison of prior year, the methods and assumptions are not changed as reserves are recalculated; rather the availability of additional paid claims information drives our changes in the re-estimate of the unpaid claim liability.

To the extent appropriate, changes in such development are recorded as a change to current period benefit expense.

We regularly review and set assumptions regarding cost trends and utilization when initially establishing claim liabilities. We continually monitor and adjust the claims liability and benefit expense based on subsequent paid claims activity. If it is determined that our assumptions regarding cost trends and utilization are significantly different than actual results, our income statement and financial position could be impacted in future periods.

Adjustments of prior year estimates may result in additional benefit expense or a reduction of benefit expense in the period an adjustment is made. Further, due to the considerable variability of health care costs, adjustments to claim liabilities occur each period and are sometimes significant as compared to the net income recorded in that period. Prior period development is recognized immediately upon the actuary's judgment that a portion of the prior period liability is no longer needed or that an additional liability should have been accrued. That determination is made when sufficient information is available to ascertain that the re-estimate of the liability is reasonable.

While there are many factors that are used as a part of the estimation of our medical claims payable liability, the two key assumptions having the most significant impact on our incurred but not paid claims liability as of December 31, 2013 were the completion and trend factors. As discussed above, these two key assumptions can be influenced by other operational -61- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- variables including system changes, provider submission patterns and business combinations.

There is variation in the reasonable choice of completion factors by duration for durations of three months through twelve months where the completion factors have the most significant impact. As previously discussed, completion factors tend to be less reliable for the most recent months and therefore are not specifically utilized for months one and two. In our analysis for the claim liabilities at December 31, 2013, the variability in months three to five was estimated to be between 40 and 90 basis points, while months six through twelve have much lower variability ranging from 0 to 30 basis points.

The difference in completion factor assumptions, assuming moderately adverse experience, results in variability of 2%, or approximately $146.0, in the December 31, 2013 incurred but not paid claims liability, depending on the completion factors chosen. It is important to note that the completion factor methodology inherently assumes that historical completion rates will be reflective of the current period. However, it is possible that the actual completion rates for the current period will develop differently from historical patterns and therefore could fall outside the possible variations described herein.

The other major assumption used in the establishment of the December 31, 2013 incurred but not paid claim liability was the trend factors. In our analysis for the period ended December 31, 2013, there was a 310 basis point differential in the high and low trend factors assuming moderately adverse experience. This range of trend factors would imply variability of 5%, or approximately $279.0, in the incurred but not paid claims liability, depending upon the trend factors used. Because historical trend factors are often not representative of current claim trends, the trend experience for the most recent six to nine months, plus knowledge of recent events likely affecting current trends, have been taken into consideration in establishing the incurred but not paid claims liability at December 31, 2013.

See Note 12, "Medical Claims Payable," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in this Form 10-K, for a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance for medical claims payable for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Components of the total incurred claims for each year include amounts accrued for current year estimated claims expense as well as adjustments to prior year estimated accruals. In Note 12, "Medical Claims Payable," the line labeled "Net incurred medical claims: Prior years redundancies" accounts for those adjustments made to prior year estimates. The impact of any reduction of "Net incurred medical claims: Prior years redundancies" may be offset as we establish the estimate of "Net incurred medical claims: Current year." Our reserving practice is to consistently recognize the actuarial best estimate of our ultimate liability for our claims. When we recognize a release of the redundancy, we disclose the amount that is not in the ordinary course of business, if material.

The ratio of current year medical claims paid as a percent of current year net medical claims incurred was 89.3% for 2013, 89.1% for 2012 and 88.8% for 2011.

The increase in these ratios reflects acceleration in processing claims that occurred over the course of the past three years.

We calculate the percentage of prior years' redundancies in the current year as a percent of prior years' net incurred claims payable less prior years' redundancies in the current year in order to demonstrate the development of the prior years' reserves. This metric was 10.8% for the year ended December 31, 2013, 10.4% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 4.5% for the year ended December 31, 2011. The years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 reflect a higher level of targeted reserve for adverse deviation and a resultant higher level of prior years' redundancies than the year ended December 31, 2011.

We calculate the percentage of prior years' redundancies in the current period as a percent of prior years' net incurred medical claims to indicate the percentage of redundancy included in the preceding year calculation of current year net incurred medical claims. We believe this calculation supports the reasonableness of our prior year estimate of incurred medical claims and the consistency in our methodology. For the year ended December 31, 2013, this metric was 1.3%, which was calculated using the redundancy of $599.1. This metric was 1.1% for 2012 and 0.5% for 2011.

-62- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following table shows the variance between total net incurred medical claims as reported in Note 12, "Medical Claims Payable," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in this Form 10-K, for each of 2012 and 2011 and the incurred claims for such years had it been determined retrospectively (computed as the difference between "net incurred medical claims - current year" for the year shown and "net incurred medical claims - prior years redundancies" for the immediately following year): Years Ended December 31 2012 2011 Total net incurred medical claims, as reported $ 47,566.5 $ 47,071.9 Retrospective basis, as described above 47,481.0 46,768.0 Variance $ 85.5 $ 303.9 Variance to total net incurred medical claims, as reported 0.2 % 0.6 % Given that our business is primarily short tailed (which means that medical claims are generally paid within twelve months of the member receiving service from the provider), the variance to total net incurred medical claims, as reported above, is used to assess the reasonableness of our estimate of ultimate incurred medical claims for a given calendar year with the benefit of one year of experience. We expect that substantially all of the development of the 2013 estimate of medical claims payable will be known during 2014.

The 2012 variance to total net incurred medical claims, as reported of 0.2% was smaller in value than the 2011 percentage of 0.6%. The lower 2012 variance was driven by a more consistent level of prior year redundancies in 2013 and 2012 associated with 2012 and 2011 claim payments, respectively. Prior year redundancies in 2011 associated with 2010 claim payments were much lower by comparison, thus creating a higher 2011 variance.

Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB guidance, which requires, among other things, the separate recognition of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Such deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities represent the tax effect of temporary differences between financial reporting and tax reporting measured at tax rates enacted at the time the deferred tax asset or liability is recorded. A valuation allowance must be established for deferred tax assets if it is "more likely than not" that all or a portion may be unrealized. Our judgment is required in determining an appropriate valuation allowance.

At each financial reporting date, we assess the adequacy of the valuation allowance by evaluating each of our deferred tax assets based on the following: • the types of temporary differences that created the deferred tax asset; • the amount of taxes paid in prior periods and available for a carry-back claim; • the forecasted future taxable income, and therefore, likely future deduction of the deferred tax item; and • any significant other issues impacting the likely realization of the benefit of the temporary differences.

We, like other companies, frequently face challenges from tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges include questions regarding the timing and amount of deductions that we have taken on our tax returns. In evaluating any additional tax liability associated with various positions taken in our tax return filings, we record additional liabilities for potential adverse tax outcomes. Based on our evaluation of our tax positions, we believe we have appropriately accrued for uncertain tax benefits, as required by the guidance. To the extent we prevail in matters we have accrued for, our future effective tax rate would be reduced and net income would increase. If we are required to pay more than accrued, our future effective tax rate would increase and net income would decrease. Our effective tax rate and net income in any given future period could be materially impacted.

In the ordinary course of business, we are regularly audited by federal and other tax authorities, and from time to time, these audits result in proposed assessments. We believe our tax positions comply with applicable tax law and we intend to defend our positions vigorously through the federal, state and local appeals processes. We believe we have adequately -63- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- provided for any reasonable foreseeable outcome related to these matters.

Accordingly, although their ultimate resolution may require additional tax payments, we do not anticipate any material impact on our results of operations from these matters.

For additional information, see Note 8, "Income Taxes," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Our consolidated goodwill at December 31, 2013 was $16,917.2 and other intangible assets were $8,441.0. The sum of goodwill and other intangible assets represented 42.6% of our total consolidated assets and 102.4% of our consolidated shareholders' equity at December 31, 2013.

We follow FASB guidance for business combinations and goodwill and other intangible assets, which specifies the types of acquired intangible assets that are required to be recognized and reported separately from goodwill. Under the guidance, goodwill and other intangible assets (with indefinite lives) are not amortized but are tested for impairment at least annually. Furthermore, goodwill and other intangible assets are allocated to reporting units for purposes of the annual impairment test. Our impairment tests require us to make assumptions and judgments regarding the estimated fair value of our reporting units, which include goodwill and other intangible assets. In addition, certain other intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as trademarks, are also tested separately.

We complete our annual impairment tests of existing goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives during the fourth quarter of each year.

These tests involve the use of estimates related to the fair value of goodwill at the reporting unit level and other intangible assets with indefinite lives, and require a significant degree of management judgment and the use of subjective assumptions. Certain interim impairment tests are also performed when potential impairment indicators exist or changes in our business or other triggering events occur.

Fair value is estimated using the income and market approaches for goodwill at the reporting unit level and the income approach for our indefinite lived intangible assets. Use of the income and market approaches for our goodwill impairment test reflects our view that both valuation methodologies provide a reasonable estimate of fair value. The income approach is developed using assumptions about future revenue, expenses and net income derived from our internal planning process. These estimated future cash flows are then discounted. Our assumed discount rate is based on our industry's weighted-average cost of capital. Market valuations are based on observed multiples of certain measures including membership, revenue and EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and include market comparisons to publicly traded companies in our industry.

With the exception of the treatment associated with our 1-800 CONTACTS disposal, we did not incur any impairment losses as a result of our 2013 annual impairment tests as the estimated fair values of our reporting units were substantially in excess of the carrying values as of December 31, 2013. Additionally, we do not believe that the estimated fair values of our reporting units are at risk of becoming impaired in the next twelve months. However, as a result of certain provisions of Health Care Reform, along with current economic conditions and continued high unemployment rates, we have experienced lower operating margins in certain lines of business. Those margins could become further compressed if unemployment levels remain high and if results from implementation of Health Care Reform are significantly different than anticipated. As a result, the estimated fair values of certain of our reporting units with goodwill could fall below their carrying values in future periods and if that were to occur, we would be required to record impairment losses at that time.

While we believe we have appropriately allocated the purchase price of our acquisitions, this allocation requires many assumptions to be made regarding the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired. In addition, estimated fair values developed based on our assumptions and judgments might be significantly different if other reasonable assumptions and estimates were to be used. If estimated fair values are less than the carrying values of goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives in future annual impairment tests, or if significant impairment indicators are noted relative to other intangible assets subject to amortization, we may be required to record impairment losses against future income.

For additional information, see Note 3, "Business Acquisitions and Divestitures" and Note 10, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

-64- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Investments Current and long-term available-for-sale investment securities were $19,254.9 at December 31, 2013 and represented 32.3% of our total consolidated assets at December 31, 2013. We classify fixed maturity and equity securities in our investment portfolio as "available-for-sale" or "trading" and report those securities at fair value. Certain fixed maturity securities are available to support current operations and, accordingly, we classify such investments as current assets without regard to their contractual maturity. Investments used to satisfy contractual, regulatory or other requirements are classified as long-term, without regard to contractual maturity.

We review investment securities to determine if declines in fair value below cost are other-than-temporary. This review is subjective and requires a high degree of judgment. We conduct this review on a quarterly basis, using both qualitative and quantitative factors, to determine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary. Such factors considered include the length of time and the extent to which a security's market value has been less than its cost, the reasons for the decline in value (i.e., credit event compared to liquidity, general credit spread widening, currency exchange rate or interest rate factors), financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, including the credit ratings and changes in the credit ratings of the issuer, recommendations of investment advisors, and forecasts of economic, market or industry trends. In addition, for equity securities, we determine whether we have the intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time to allow for a recovery of its fair value above its carrying amount. If any declines of equity securities are determined to be other-than-temporary, we charge the losses to income when that determination is made.

Certain FASB other-than-temporary impairment, or FASB OTTI, guidance applies to fixed maturity securities and provides guidance on the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments. In addition, this FASB OTTI guidance requires disclosures related to other-than-temporary impairments. If a fixed maturity security is in an unrealized loss position and we have the intent to sell the fixed maturity security, or it is more likely than not that we will have to sell the fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the decline in value is deemed to be other-than-temporary and is recorded to other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in income in our consolidated income statements. For impaired fixed maturity securities that we do not intend to sell or it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell such securities, but we expect that we will not fully recover the amortized cost basis, the credit component of the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in income in our consolidated statements of income and the non-credit component of the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Furthermore, unrealized losses entirely caused by non-credit related factors related to fixed maturity securities for which we expect to fully recover the amortized cost basis continue to be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.

The credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment is determined by comparing the net present value of projected future cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the fixed maturity security. The net present value is calculated by discounting our best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the fixed maturity security at the date of acquisition. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, cash flow estimates are based on assumptions regarding the underlying collateral including prepayment speeds, vintage, type of underlying asset, geographic concentrations, default rates, recoveries and changes in value. For all other debt securities, cash flow estimates are driven by assumptions regarding probability of default, including changes in credit ratings, and estimates regarding timing and amount of recoveries associated with a default.

We have a committee of accounting and investment associates and management that is responsible for managing the impairment review process. The current economic environment and volatility of securities markets increase the difficulty of assessing investment impairment and the same influences tend to increase the risk of potential impairment of these assets.

We believe we have adequately reviewed our investment securities for impairment and that our investment securities are carried at fair value. However, over time, the economic and market environment may provide additional insight regarding the fair value of certain securities, which could change our judgment regarding impairment. This could result in other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments being charged against future income. Given the current market conditions and the significant judgments involved, there is continuing risk that further declines in fair value may occur and additional, material other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments may be recorded in future periods.

In addition to available-for-sale investment securities, we held additional long-term investments of $1,542.6, or 2.6% of total consolidated assets, at December 31, 2013. These long-term investments consisted primarily of certain other equity -65- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- investments, cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance policies and real estate. Due to their less liquid nature, these investments are classified as long-term.

Through our investing activities, we are exposed to financial market risks, including those resulting from changes in interest rates and changes in equity market valuations. We manage the market risks through our investment policy, which establishes credit quality limits and limits on investments in individual issuers. Ineffective management of these risks could have an impact on our future earnings and financial position. Our investment portfolio includes fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $17,488.1 at December 31, 2013. The weighted-average credit rating of these securities was "A" as of December 31, 2013. Included in this balance are investments in fixed maturity securities of states, municipalities and political subdivisions and mortgage-backed securities of $1,699.8 and $9.7, respectively, that are guaranteed by third parties. With the exception of eleven securities with a fair value of $9.7, these securities are all investment-grade and carry a weighted-average credit rating of "AA" as of December 31, 2013. The securities are guaranteed by a number of different guarantors and we do not have any significant exposure to any single guarantor (neither indirect through the guarantees, nor direct through investment in the guarantor). Further, due to the high underlying credit rating of the issuers, the weighted-average credit rating of these securities without the guarantee was "AA" as of December 31, 2013 for the securities for which such information is available.

Fair values of available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. These fair values are obtained primarily from third party pricing services, which generally use Level I or Level II inputs for the determination of fair value in accordance with FASB guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures. We have controls in place to review the third party pricing services' qualifications and procedures used to determine fair values. In addition, we periodically review the third party pricing services' pricing methodologies, data sources and pricing inputs to ensure the fair values obtained are reasonable.

We obtain only one quoted price for each security from third party pricing services, which are derived through recently reported trades for identical or similar securities making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable information. For securities not actively traded, the third party pricing services may use quoted market prices of comparable instruments or discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating inputs that are currently observable in the markets for similar securities. Inputs that are often used in the valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to, broker quotes, benchmark yields, credit spreads, default rates and prepayment speeds. As we are responsible for the determination of fair value, we perform monthly analysis on the prices received from third parties to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Our analysis includes a review of month-to-month price fluctuations. If unusual fluctuations are noted in this review, we may obtain additional information from other pricing services to validate the quoted price. There were no adjustments to quoted market prices obtained from third party pricing services during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

In certain circumstances, it may not be possible to derive pricing model inputs from observable market activity, and therefore, such inputs are estimated internally. Such securities are designated Level III in accordance with FASB guidance. Securities designated Level III at December 31, 2013 totaled $177.9 and represented less than 1% of our total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Our Level III securities primarily consisted of certain corporate securities, equity securities and structured securities for which observable inputs were not always available and the fair values of these securities were estimated using internal estimates for inputs including, but not limited to, prepayment speeds, credit spreads, default rates and benchmark yields.

For additional information, see Part II, Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" in this Form 10-K, and Note 2, "Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies," Note 5, "Investments," and Note 7, "Fair Value," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Retirement Benefits Pension Benefits We sponsor defined benefit pension plans for some of our employees. These plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB guidance for retirement benefits, which requires that amounts recognized in financial statements be determined on an actuarial basis. As permitted by the guidance, we calculate the value of plan assets as described below. Further, the difference -66- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- between our expected rate of return and the actual performance of plan assets, as well as certain changes in pension liabilities, are amortized over future periods.

An important factor in determining our pension expense is the assumption for expected long-term return on plan assets. As of our December 31, 2013 measurement date, we selected a weighted-average long-term rate of return on plan assets of 7.66%, consistent with our prior year assumption. We use a total portfolio return analysis in the development of our assumption. Factors such as past market performance, the long-term relationship between fixed maturity and equity securities, interest rates, inflation and asset allocations are considered in the assumption. The assumption includes an estimate of the additional return expected from active management of the investment portfolio.

Peer data and an average of historical returns are also reviewed for appropriateness of the selected assumption. We believe our assumption of future returns is reasonable. However, if we lower our expected long-term return on plan assets, future contributions to the pension plan and pension expense would likely increase.

This assumed long-term rate of return on assets is applied to a calculated value of plan assets, which recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets in a systematic manner over three years, producing the expected return on plan assets that is included in the determination of pension expense. The difference between this expected return and the actual return on plan assets is deferred and amortized over the average remaining service of the workforce as a component of pension expense. The net deferral of past asset gains or losses affects the calculated value of plan assets and, ultimately, future pension expense.

The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the pension liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year based on our most recent measurement date, December 31, 2013. The selected weighted-average discount rate was 4.39%, which was developed using a yield curve approach. Using yields available on high-quality fixed maturity securities with various maturity dates, the yield curve approach provides a "customized" rate, which is meant to match the expected cash flows of our specific benefit plans. The net effect of changes in the discount rate, as well as the net effect of other changes in actuarial assumptions and experience, have been deferred and amortized as a component of pension expense in accordance with FASB guidance.

In managing the plan assets, our objective is to be a responsible fiduciary while minimizing financial risk. Plan assets include a diversified mix of investment grade fixed maturity securities, equity securities and alternative investments across a range of sectors and levels of capitalization to maximize the long-term return for a prudent level of risk. In addition to producing a reasonable return, the investment strategy seeks to minimize the volatility in our expense and cash flow.

Other Postretirement Benefits We provide most associates with certain medical, vision and dental benefits upon retirement. We use various actuarial assumptions, including a discount rate and the expected trend in health care costs, to estimate the costs and benefit obligations for our retiree benefits.

At our December 31, 2013 measurement date, the selected discount rate for all plans was 4.48%, compared to a discount rate of 3.71% at the December 31, 2012 measurement date. We developed this rate using a yield curve approach as described above.

The assumed health care cost trend rates used to measure the expected cost of pre-Medicare (those who are not currently eligible for Medicare benefits) other benefits at our December 31, 2013 measurement date was 8.00% for 2014 with a gradual decline to 4.50% by the year 2025. The assumed health care cost trend rates used to measure the expected cost of post-Medicare (those who are currently eligible for Medicare benefits) other benefits at our December 31, 2013 measurement date was 6.00% for 2014 with a gradual decline to 4.50% by the year 2021. These estimated trend rates are subject to change in the future. The health care cost trend rate assumption has a significant effect on the amounts reported. For example, an increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate of one percentage point would increase the postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2013 by $44.2 and would increase service and interest costs by $1.8. Conversely, a decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate of one percentage point would decrease the postretirement benefit obligation by $38.1 as of December 31, 2013 and would decrease service and interest costs by $1.5.

For additional information regarding our retirement benefits, see Note 11, "Retirement Benefits," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

-67- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- New Accounting Pronouncements For information regarding new accounting pronouncements that were issued or became effective during the year ended December 31, 2013 that had, or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures, see the "New Accounting Pronouncements" section of Note 2, "Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies" to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Liquidity and Capital Resources Introduction Our cash receipts result primarily from premiums, administrative fees, investment income, other revenue, proceeds from the sale or maturity of our investment securities, proceeds from borrowings, and proceeds from the exercise of stock options. Cash disbursements result mainly from claims payments, administrative expenses, taxes, purchases of investment securities, interest expense, payments on borrowings, acquisitions, capital expenditures, repurchases of our debt securities and common stock and the payment of cash dividends. Cash outflows fluctuate with the amount and timing of settlement of these transactions. Any future decline in our profitability would likely have an unfavorable impact on our liquidity.

We manage our cash, investments and capital structure so we are able to meet the short and long-term obligations of our business while maintaining financial flexibility and liquidity. We forecast, analyze and monitor our cash flows to enable investment and financing within the overall constraints of our financial strategy.

A substantial portion of the assets held by our regulated subsidiaries are in the form of cash and cash equivalents and investments. After considering expected cash flows from operating activities, we generally invest cash that exceeds our near term obligations in longer term marketable fixed maturity securities to improve our overall investment income returns. Our investment strategy is to make investments consistent with insurance statutes and other regulatory requirements, while preserving our asset base. Our investments are generally available-for-sale to meet liquidity and other needs. Our subsidiaries pay out excess capital annually in the form of dividends to their respective parent companies for general corporate use, as permitted by applicable regulations.

The availability of financing in the form of debt or equity is influenced by many factors including our profitability, operating cash flows, debt levels, debt ratings, contractual restrictions, regulatory requirements and market conditions. The securities and credit markets have in the past experienced higher than normal volatility, although current market conditions are more stable. During recent years, the Federal Government and various governmental agencies have taken a number of steps to restore liquidity in the financial markets and to help relieve the credit crisis and strengthen the regulation of the financial services market. In addition, governments around the world have developed their own plans to provide liquidity and security in the credit markets and to ensure adequate capital in certain financial institutions.

We have a $2,500.0 commercial paper program. Should commercial paper issuance be unavailable, we intend to use a combination of cash on hand and/or our $2,000.0 senior revolving credit facility to redeem our commercial paper when it matures.

While there is no assurance in the current economic environment, we believe the lenders participating in our credit facility will be willing and able to provide financing in accordance with their legal obligations. In addition to the $2,000.0 senior revolving credit facility, we estimate that we will receive approximately $2,100.0 of dividends from our subsidiaries during 2014, which also provides further operating and financial flexibility.

-68- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The table below outlines the cash flows provided by or used in operating, investing and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: Years Ended December 31 2013 2012 2011 Cash flows provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 3,052.3 $ 2,744.6 $ 3,374.4 Investing activities (2,234.4 ) (4,551.6 ) (942.0 ) Financing activities (1,717.8 ) 2,088.9 (2,019.2 ) Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 2.2 1.1 (0.4 ) (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (897.7 ) $ 283.0 $ 412.8 Liquidity-Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2012 During the year ended December 31, 2013, net cash flow provided by operating activities was $3,052.3, compared to $2,744.6 for the year ended December 31, 2012, an increase of $307.7. This increase was driven primarily by an increase in net income adjusted for non-cash items, primarily due to the loss on disposal of discontinued operations, changes in amortization expense and realized losses on extinguishment of debt. The increase was further attributable to an increase in net cash flow provided by Amerigroup as 2012 included post-acquisition change-in-control payments and transaction costs that did not recur in 2013.

Additionally, the increase was due to a net increase in the collection of income tax refunds in 2013.

Net cash flow used in investing activities was $2,234.4 during the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to $4,551.6 for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The decrease in cash flow used in investing activities of $2,317.2 primarily resulted from a decrease in cash used for the purchase of subsidiaries, as net cash used in investing activities for 2012 included the acquisitions of Amerigroup and 1-800 CONTACTS, while there were no purchases of subsidiaries in 2013. This decrease was partially offset by the net change in investment activity and changes in securities lending collateral.

Net cash flow used in financing activities was $1,717.8 during the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to net cash flow provided by financing activities of $2,088.9 for the year ended December 31, 2012. The change in cash flow from financing activities of $3,806.7 primarily resulted from an increase in long-term borrowings in 2012 primarily used to fund the acquisition of Amerigroup compared to an increase in net repayments of long-term borrowings in 2013. The change in cash flow from financing activity was further attributable to a decrease in common stock repurchases, changes in securities lending payable, and an increase in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock plans.

Liquidity- Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011 During the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash flow provided by operating activities was $2,744.6, compared to $3,374.4 for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $629.8. This decrease was driven primarily by payments related to the run-out of medical claims for former members, net operating cash outflows by our Amerigroup subsidiary during the post-acquisition period (including claims payments, change-in-control payments and payments for transaction costs), increased litigation settlement payments and the addition of required minimum MLR rebate payments in 2012 (which were established as liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2011).

Net cash flow used in investing activities was $4,551.6 during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $942.0 for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in cash flow used in investing activities of $3,609.6 between the two periods primarily resulted from an increase in the purchase of subsidiaries, reflecting the acquisitions of Amerigroup and 1-800 CONTACTS during 2012, and an increase in purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by changes in securities lending collateral and an increase in the net proceeds from the sales of investments.

Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $2,088.9 during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to net cash flow used in financing activities of $2,019.2 for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in cash flow provided by financing activities of $4,108.1 primarily resulted from an increase in net proceeds from long-term borrowings and a decrease in common stock repurchases, partially offset by changes in bank overdrafts, changes in securities lending payable and a decrease in the proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock plans.

-69- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial Condition We maintained a strong financial condition and liquidity position, with consolidated cash, cash equivalents and investments, including long-term investments, of $22,395.9 at December 31, 2013. Since December 31, 2012, total cash, cash equivalents and investments, including long-term investments, decreased by $68.7 primarily due to common stock repurchases, purchases of property and equipment, net repayments of borrowings and cash dividends paid to shareholders. These decreases were partially offset by cash generated from operations and proceeds from employee stock option exercises.

Many of our subsidiaries are subject to various government regulations that restrict the timing and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to their respective parent companies. Certain accounting practices prescribed by insurance regulatory authorities, or statutory accounting practices, differ from GAAP. Changes that occur in statutory accounting practices, if any, could impact our subsidiaries' future dividend capacity. In addition, we have agreed to certain undertakings to regulatory authorities, including the requirement to maintain certain capital levels in certain of our subsidiaries.

At December 31, 2013, we held $2,164.5 of cash and cash equivalents and investments at the parent company, which are available for general corporate use, including investment in our businesses, acquisitions, potential future common stock repurchases and dividends to shareholders, repurchases of debt securities and debt and interest payments.

We calculate our consolidated debt-to-capital ratio, a non-GAAP measure, which we believe assists investors and rating agencies in measuring our overall leverage and additional borrowing capacity. In addition, our bank covenants include a maximum debt-to-capital ratio that we cannot exceed. Our targeted range of debt-to-capital ratio is 30% to 35%. Our debt-to-capital ratio is calculated as the sum of debt divided by the sum of debt plus shareholders' equity. Our debt-to-capital ratio may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Our consolidated debt-to-capital ratio was 36.9% and 38.6% as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The higher than targeted consolidated debt-to-capital ratios at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were primarily due to the increased debt we incurred to finance our acquisition of Amerigroup in 2012 and we expect in time to return to targeted levels.

Our senior debt is rated "A-" by Standard & Poor's, "BBB+" by Fitch, Inc., "Baa2" by Moody's Investor Service, Inc. and "bbb+" by AM Best Company, Inc. We intend to maintain our senior debt investment grade ratings. A significant downgrade in our debt ratings could adversely affect our borrowing capacity and costs.

Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity We have a shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register an unlimited amount of any combination of debt or equity securities in one or more offerings. Specific information regarding terms and securities being offered will be provided at the time of an offering. Proceeds from future offerings are expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the repayment of debt, investments in or extensions of credit to our subsidiaries and the financing of possible acquisitions or business expansion.

We have a senior credit facility, or the facility, with certain lenders for general corporate purposes. The facility, as amended, provides credit up to $2,000.0 and matures on September 29, 2016. The interest rate on the facility is based on either (i) the LIBOR rate plus a predetermined percentage rate based on our credit rating at the date of utilization, or (ii) a base rate as defined in the facility agreement plus a predetermined percentage rate based on our credit rating at the date of utilization. Our ability to borrow under the facility is subject to compliance with certain covenants. There were no amounts outstanding under the facility as of December 31, 2013.

We have an authorized commercial paper program of up to $2,500.0, the proceeds of which may be used for general corporate purposes. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, $379.2 and $570.9, respectively, were outstanding under our commercial paper program. Commercial paper borrowings have been classified as long-term debt at December 31, 2013 and 2012 as our practice and intent is to replace short-term commercial paper outstanding at expiration with additional short-term commercial paper for an uninterrupted period extending for more than one year and we have the ability to redeem our commercial paper with borrowings under the senior credit facility described above.

We are a member, through certain subsidiaries, of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, collectively, the FHLBs, and as a member we have the -70- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ability to obtain short-term cash advances subject to certain minimum collateral requirements. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, $400.0 and $250.0, respectively, were outstanding under our short-term FHLBs borrowings.

On July 30, 2013, we initiated a cash tender offer and consent solicitation to purchase certain of our outstanding 5.875% Notes due 2017, 7.000% Notes due 2019, 5.950% Notes due 2034, 5.850% Notes due 2036, 6.375% Notes due 2037 and 5.800% Notes due 2040 (collectively, the "Tendered Notes"). On August 13, 2013, we repurchased $700.0 of the Tendered Notes for cash totaling $837.7. Holders who tendered their notes prior to the early tender date received the principal amounts, applicable premium for early redemption and accrued and unpaid interest to the early tender offer settlement date. Additionally, on September 5, 2013, we redeemed the $400.0 outstanding principal balance of our 6.000% senior unsecured notes due 2014, plus applicable premium for early redemption and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, for cash totaling $411.0. In connection with our early redemption and repurchase of the $1,100.0 aggregate principal amount of outstanding notes, we realized losses on debt extinguishment of $145.3.

On July 30, 2013, we issued $650.0 of 2.300% notes due 2018 and $600.0 of 5.100% notes due 2044 under our shelf registration statement. We used the proceeds from this offering in part to fund the purchase price of the Tendered Notes and the 6.000% senior unsecured notes discussed above, and the balance for general corporate purposes. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2014. The notes have a call feature that allows us to repurchase the notes at any time at our option and a put feature that allows a note holder to require us to repurchase the notes upon the occurrence of both a change in control event and a downgrade of the notes below an investment grade rating.

As a result of our acquisition of Amerigroup on December 24, 2012, the carrying amount of $556.9 of Amerigroup's $475.0 of 7.500% senior unsecured notes due 2019 were included in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012. On January 25, 2013, we redeemed the outstanding principal balance of these notes, plus applicable premium for early redemption, for cash totaling $555.6. The weighted-average redemption price of the notes was approximately 117% of the principal amount outstanding.

While we generally issue senior unsecured notes for long-term borrowing purposes, on October 9, 2012, we issued $1,500.0 of senior convertible debentures, or the Debentures. The Debentures are governed by an indenture, or the Indenture, dated as of October 9, 2012 between us and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The Debentures bear interest at a rate of 2.750% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears in cash on April 15 and October 15 of each year, and mature on October 15, 2042, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted into shares of common stock at the applicable conversion rate. We used approximately $371.0 of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase shares of our common stock concurrently with the offering of the Debentures, and the balance was used for general corporate purposes, including but not limited to additional purchases of shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program and the repayment of debt. For additional information related to the Debentures, including the circumstances under which holders may convert the Debentures into common stock, see Note 13, "Debt" to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

As discussed in "Financial Condition" above, many of our subsidiaries are subject to various government regulations that restrict the timing and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid. Based upon these requirements, we are currently estimating approximately $2,100.0 of dividends to be paid to the parent company during 2014. During 2013, we received $3,046.5 of dividends from our subsidiaries.

We regularly review the appropriate use of capital, including common stock repurchases, repurchases of debt securities and dividends to shareholders. The declaration and payment of any dividends or repurchases of our common stock or debt securities are at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, future liquidity needs, regulatory and capital requirements and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

-71- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A summary of the cash dividend activity for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows: Cash Dividend Declaration Date Record Date Payment Date per Share Total February 20, 2013 March 8, 2013 March 25, 2013 $ 0.3750 $ 113.4 May 15, 2013 June 10, 2013 June 25, 2013 0.3750 112.7 July 23, 2013 September 10, 2013 September 25, 2013 0.3750 111.4 October 22, 2013 December 9, 2013 December 23, 2013 0.3750 110.5 On January 28, 2014, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.4375 per share on the outstanding shares of our common stock. This quarterly dividend is payable on March 25, 2014 to shareholders of record as of March 10, 2014.

A summary of common stock repurchases for the period January 1, 2014 through February 7, 2014 (subsequent to December 31, 2013) and for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows: January 1, 2014 Year Ended Through December 31, February 7, 2014 2013 Shares repurchased 5.4 20.7 Average price per share $ 84.96 $ 78.08 Aggregate cost $ 457.6 $ 1,620.1Authorization remaining at the end of each period $ 2,633.4 $ 3,691.0 On February 4, 2014, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase, or ASR, program with a counterparty. The agreement provides for a repurchase of a number of shares, equal to $600.0, as determined by the dollar volume weighted-average share price during a period up through at least March 14, 2014, but not to exceed March 31, 2014. At the end of the term of the ASR, the initial amount of shares will be adjusted up or down based on the dollar volume weighted-average price during the same period. On February 4, 2014, we repurchased 6.0 shares under this program. These ASR shares are not included in the shares repurchased subsequent to December 31, 2013, shown in the table above as the final shares to be repurchased will not be determined until the completion of the program in March 2014. However, the $600.0 has been removed from the authorization remaining as of February 7, 2014 in the table above.

On September 25, 2013, the Board of Directors authorized a $3,500.0 increase to the common stock repurchase program. We expect to utilize unused authorization remaining at December 31, 2013 over a multi-year period, subject to market and industry conditions. Our stock repurchase program is discretionary as we are under no obligation to repurchase shares. We repurchase shares when we believe it is a prudent use of capital.

Our current retirement benefits funding strategy is to fund an amount at least equal to the minimum required funding as determined under ERISA with consideration of maximum tax deductible amounts. We may elect to make discretionary contributions up to the maximum amount deductible for income tax purposes. For the year ended December 31, 2013, no material contributions were necessary to meet ERISA required funding levels. However, during the year ended December 31, 2013, we made tax deductible discretionary contributions to the pension benefit plans of $38.6.

-72- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contractual Obligations and Commitments Our estimated contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2013 are as follows: Payments Due by Period Less than More than Total 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years 5 Years Debt1 $ 23,297.7 $ 1,489.9 $ 2,838.5 $ 3,148.0 $ 15,821.3 Operating lease commitments 769.3 133.0 226.3 188.4 221.6 Projected other postretirement benefits 440.7 43.4 133.2 135.9 128.2 Purchase obligations: IBM outsourcing agreements2 251.2 200.3 50.9 - - Other purchase obligations3 2,757.2 1,499.3 780.1 450.0 27.8 Other long-term liabilities4 912.2 - 377.6 347.2 187.4 Investment commitments 341.6 148.9 111.7 61.1 19.9 Total contractual obligations and commitments $ 28,769.9 $ 3,514.8 $ 4,518.3 $ 4,330.6 $ 16,406.2 1 Includes estimated interest expense.

2 Relates to agreements with International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM, to provide information technology infrastructure services. See Note 14, "Commitments and Contingences," to the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in this Form 10-K for further information.

3 Includes obligations related to non-IBM information technology service agreements and telecommunication contracts.

4 Estimated future payments for funded pension benefits have been excluded from this table as we had no funding requirements under ERISA at December 31, 2013 as a result of the value of the assets in the plans. In addition, amount includes other obligations resulting from third-party service contracts.

The above table does not contain $121.5 of gross liabilities for uncertain tax positions and interest for which we cannot reasonably estimate the timing of the resolutions with the respective taxing authorities. See Note 8, "Income Taxes," to the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in this Form 10-K for further information.

In addition to the contractual obligations and commitments discussed above, we have a variety of other contractual agreements related to acquiring materials and services used in our operations. However, we do not believe these other agreements contain material noncancelable commitments.

We believe that funds from future operating cash flows, cash and investments and funds available under our senior credit facility or from public or private financing sources will be sufficient for future operations and commitments, and for capital acquisitions and other strategic transactions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that will require funding in future periods.

Risk-Based Capital Our regulated subsidiaries' states of domicile have statutory risk-based capital, or RBC, requirements for health and other insurance companies and health maintenance organizations largely based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, or NAIC, RBC Model Act. These RBC requirements are intended to measure capital adequacy, taking into account the risk characteristics of an insurer's investments and products. The NAIC sets forth the formula for calculating the RBC requirements, which are designed to take into account asset risks, insurance risks, interest rate risks and other relevant risks with respect to an individual insurance company's business. In general, under the RBC Model Act, an insurance company must submit a report of its RBC level to the state insurance department or insurance commissioner, as appropriate, at the end of each calendar year. Our regulated subsidiaries' respective RBC levels as of December 31, 2013, which was the most recent date for which reporting was required, were in excess of all mandatory RBC thresholds. In addition to exceeding -73- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the RBC requirements, we are in compliance with the liquidity and capital requirements for a licensee of the BCBSA and with the tangible net worth requirements applicable to certain of our California subsidiaries.

For additional information, see Note 22, "Statutory Information," to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in this Form 10-K.

Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 This document contains certain forward-looking information about us that is intended to be covered by the safe harbor for "forward-looking statements" provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward-looking statements are statements that are not generally historical facts. Words such as "expect(s)," "feel(s)," "believe(s)," "will," "may," "anticipate(s)," "intend," "estimate," "project" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. These statements include, but are not limited to, financial projections and estimates and their underlying assumptions; statements regarding plans, objectives and expectations with respect to future operations, products and services; and statements regarding future performance. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements. These risks and uncertainties include: those discussed and identified in our public filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC; increased government participation in, or regulation or taxation of health benefits and managed care operations, including, but not limited to, the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or Health Care Reform; trends in health care costs and utilization rates; our ability to secure sufficient premium rates including regulatory approval for and implementation of such rates; our participation in the federal and state health insurance exchanges under Health Care Reform, which have experienced technical difficulties in implementation and which entail uncertainties associated with the mix and volume of business, particularly in our individual and small group markets, that could negatively impact the adequacy of our premium rates and which may not be sufficiently offset by the risk apportionment provisions of Health Care Reform; our ability to contract with providers consistent with past practice; competitor pricing below market trends of increasing costs; reduced enrollment, as well as a negative change in our health care product mix; risks and uncertainties regarding Medicare and Medicaid programs, including those related to non-compliance with the complex regulations imposed thereon and funding risks with respect to revenue received from participation therein; a downgrade in our financial strength ratings; litigation and investigations targeted at our industry and our ability to resolve litigation and investigations within estimates; medical malpractice or professional liability claims or other risks related to health care services provided by our subsidiaries; our ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and pay dividends on our common stock due to the adequacy of our cash flow and earnings and other considerations; non-compliance by any party of the Express Scripts, Inc. pharmacy benefit management services agreement, which could result in financial penalties, our inability to meet customer demands, and sanctions imposed by governmental entities, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; events that result in negative publicity for us or the health benefits industry; failure to effectively maintain and modernize our information systems and e-business organization and to maintain good relationships with third party vendors for information system resources; events that may negatively affect our licenses with the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association; possible impairment of the value of our intangible assets if future results do not adequately support goodwill and other intangible assets; intense competition to attract and retain employees; unauthorized disclosure of member sensitive or confidential information; changes in the economic and market conditions, as well as regulations that may negatively affect our investment portfolios and liquidity; possible restrictions in the payment of dividends by our subsidiaries and increases in required minimum levels of capital and the potential negative effect from our substantial amount of outstanding indebtedness; general risks associated with mergers and acquisitions; various laws and provisions in our governing documents that may prevent or discourage takeovers and business combinations; future public health epidemics and catastrophes; and general economic downturns. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements that speak only as of the date hereof. Except to the extent otherwise required by federal securities law, we do not undertake any obligation to republish revised forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures in our SEC reports.

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